Heat stroke is considered a heat-related illness that occurs because of the body’s inability to cope with excessive heat.
Two forms of heat stroke exist:
- Exertional heat stroke (EHS)
- Nonexertional heat stroke (NEHS)
EHS occurs in young individuals who engage in strenuous physical activity for a prolonged period in a hot environment.
NEHS more commonly affects sedentary elderly individuals, persons who are chronically ill.
With the influence of global warming, the occurrence of heatstroke is becoming common. Behavioral responses are important in the management of temperature elevations and may provide clues to prevent heat stroke.
The etiology of heatstroke may involve any of the following:
- Increased heat production
- Decreased heat loss
- Reduced ability to acclimatize
- Reduced behavioral responsiveness
Various infections can be a reason for increased heat production.
Exercise and tetanus might be a serious reason for increased muscular activity.
A reduced cardiovascular reserve may result from advanced age and ingesting certain drugs related to heart diseases.
Infants, patients who are bedridden, and patients who are chronically ill. are at risk of heat stroke because they are unable to control their environment and water intake.
Therefore, moderate physical exercise, convulsions, and shivering can double the heat production and result in temperature elevations that generally are self-limited and resolve with discontinuation of the activity.
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About the Author: Dr. Iqra Mubashar is a registered Pharmacist originally from Lahore, Pakistan. She has earned her pharmacy degree from the University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore. She has completed her internship as a trainee from Children hospital, Lahore. She has completed her research work in clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutics. She has worked as a healthcare documentation head in Al-Qasim enterprises, Islamabad. She has specialized in prescription handling, drugs information, literature research, patient counseling and pharmaceutical care planning. Her research work on coronavirus is under publication.